The Effects of Fast Food Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Effects of Fast Food - Research Paper Example Its forceful notoriety can be evaluated from the way that in the year 1970, the measure of cash utilized for the acquisition of inexpensive food was 6 billion dollars however in the year 2000, more noteworthy than 110 billion dollars were spent by the Americans on cheap food. It can consequently be inferred that the residents of the United States exhaust a higher aggregate for using cheap food in contrast with their consumptions which incorporate training or acquisition of vehicles or new mechanical devices (Schlosser 3). The blast of the inexpensive food industry has carried with it numerous impacts on the American culture which are not just confined to the soundness of an individual yet in addition incorporate financial, ecological just as social impacts. The quick paced way of life of the Americans has driven them to expand their utilization of inexpensive food and this had prompted expanded admission of food with low nutritive worth and including fundamentally of fats. Inexpensiv e food purchasers don't will in general have a decent eating routine and the proportion of fats and sugars expended is a lot higher than is required. Besides, significant food parts like milk, filaments and natural products are skipped from the eating regimen because of expanded inexpensive food eating. As indicated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States, 11.3 percent of the day by day caloric admission of people in the United States was from cheap food between the years 2007 till 2010. This inordinate utilization of inexpensive food is significantly connected with an ascent in the heaviness of a person as expanded calories are expended in contrast with the measure of calories that are singed (Bowman et al 112; Fryar and Ervin 1,5). Subsequently, a sharp ascent in the insights of stoutness has been distinguished in the United States. Various investigations have likewise featured this reality that the simple accessibility of cheap food alongside an asc ent in the admission of inexpensive food has advanced heftiness. This has accommodated an ascent in the corpulent people just as the illnesses identified with corpulence (Jeffery and French 277,278; Edelstein and Sharlin 240). The negative impacts caused on the soundness of an individual are numerous and late investigations have been demonstrating the way that these wellbeing impacts are not just connected with corpulence. As indicated by one investigation, it was featured that cheap food has an exceptionally awful effect on the trustworthiness of the ideal working of the liver of a person. The liver cells don't perform ideally and expanded utilization could in the long run lead to irritation followed by liver disappointment (Daily Mail Reporter). Another examination directed by the Canadian Journal of Cardiology clarified the way that even a solitary inexpensive food dinner could influence the structure and elements of the veins in the human body. This modified structure could then prompt the neurotic condition known as atherosclerosis (Kirkpatrick). The wellbeing impacts of cheap food can best be shown by inquiring about upon the way of life of the people living in the city of Loma Linda in California. The normal future of the individuals living in the city is over 80 years and this has been because of the veggie lover diet of the individuals living there. This has likewise been connected with the nonattendance of many drive-thru eateries in the city. Along these lines, good dieting propensities are the primary driver for the more beneficial existences of the individuals of Loma Linda (Medina). The inexpensive food industry has likewise been connected with many negative impacts on the earth. These incorporate the contamination which results because of the removal

Definition and Examples of Correctness in Language

Definition and Examples of Correctness in Language In prescriptive punctuation, accuracy is the idea that specific words, word structures, and syntactic structures fulfill the guidelines and shows (that is, the standards) recommended by conventional grammarians. Balance rightness with syntactic blunder. Agreeing to David Rosenwasser and Jill Stephen, Achieving linguistic rightness involves both knowledgehow to perceive and maintain a strategic distance from errorsand timing: when to limit your concentration to editing (Writing Analytically, 2012). Models and Observations It is futile to set up a language police to stem living turns of events. (I have constantly speculated that rightness is the last shelter of the individuals who have nothing to say.)(Friederich Waismann, Analytic-Synthetic V. Investigation, 1952)Concern with rightness, regardless of whether mechanical, intelligent, or expository, is not the slightest bit ill-conceived or suspect. For all intents and purposes all instructors assess understudy composing for rightness of spelling, language, or rationale. What creates the particular instructional methods of clear and right composing isn't a worry with rightness that nobody else shares, yet the fairly less boundless thought that rules are by one way or another setting nonpartisan, that they can be educated without anyone else and afterward applied elsewhere.(Dennis McGrath and Martin B. Lance, The Academic Crisis of the Community College. SUNY Press, 1991)School Grammar and CorrectnessIn almost every example, school language structure is customary sentence structure. It is concerned fundamentally with accuracy and with the all out names for the words that make up sentences. Along these lines, understudies study syntactic terms and certain guidelines that should be related with accuracy. Sentence structure guidance is advocated on the supposition that understudies who talk or compose articulations, for example, He dont do nothin will adjust their language to deliver He doesnt do anything if just they gain proficiency with more punctuation. . . .Albeit most educators in our state funded schools keep on recommending language, etymologists dropped remedy quite a while in the past, supplanting it with the idea of fittingness conditions. This articulation implies that language use is circumstance explicit and that there is no outright standard of rightness that applies to all circumstances. Individuals alter their language based on conditions and predominant shows . . ..(James D. Williams, The Teachers Grammar Book. Lawre nce Erlbaum, 1999) Three Kinds of Rules The greater part of our perspectives about accuracy have been energized by ages of grammarians who, in their enthusiasm to classify great English, have confounded three sorts of rules:A hardly any date from the twentieth century:But since grammarians have been blaming the best journalists for disregarding such guidelines throughout the previous 250 years, we need to reason that for a long time the best authors have been overlooking both the standards and the grammarians. Which is fortunate for grammarians, provided that journalists obeyed every one of their principles, grammarians would need to continue developing new ones, or discover a different line of work.(Joseph M. Williams, Style: The Basics of Clarity and Grace. Longman, 2003) A few principles characterize what makes English Englisharticles go before things: the book, not book the. These are the genuine guidelines we disregard just when we are drained or surged. . . .A couple of rules recognize Standard English from nonstandard: He doesnt have any cash versus He dont have no cash. The main scholars who deliberately adhere to these principles are those endeavoring to join the informed class. Educated journalists watch these principles as normally as they watch the genuine standards and consider them just when they notice others abusing them.Finally, a few grammarians have designed guidelines they figure we as a whole ought to watch. Most date from the last 50% of the eighteenth century: Dont split infinitives, as in to unobtrusively leave.Dont use than after various, as in This is not the same as that. Use from.Dont use ideally for I trust, as in Hopefully, it wont rain.Dont use which for that, as in a vehicle which I sold. First year recruit Composition and Correctness Organization courses gave a way to show bigger quantities of understudies on the double, surveying their prosperity by estimating their adherence to recommended measures. . . . [M]any schools [in the late nineteenth century] started founding Freshman Composition classes that concentrated more on accuracy than innovation. For instance, Harvards course English A, started during the 1870s, concentrated less on conventional parts of talk and more on accuracy and standard reactions. The idea of order had changed from good and strict control, sets of accepted rules and excellence, to mental control, methods for working with tedious drills and exercises.(Suzanne Bordelon, Elizabethada A. Wright, and S. Michael Halloran, From Rhetoric to Rhetorics: An Interim Report on the History of American Writing Instruction to 1900. A Short History of Writing Instruction: From Ancient Greece to Contemporary America, third ed., altered by James J. Murphy. Routledge, 2012)

Why Benzene in Cigarette Smoke Can Damage Your Health

Why Benzene in Cigarette Smoke Can Damage Your Health Addiction Nicotine Use The Inside of Cigarettes Print How Benzene in Cigarette Smoke Can Hurt You By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on July 11, 2016 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on January 08, 2020 Aminart / Oxford Scientific / Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use The Inside of Cigarettes After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery As of Dec. 20, 2019, the new legal age limit is 21 years old for purchasing cigarettes, cigars, or any other tobacco products in the U.S. Benzene is a  colorless, flammable liquid naturally present in coal tar, crude oil, and as a byproduct of volcanic eruptions and forest fires. It has a sweet smell and evaporates quickly when exposed to the air. Benzene is classified by the  International Agency for Research on Cancer  as a  Group 1 human  carcinogen. Benzene is among the 20 most widely used chemicals in production in the United States today. Its primarily used to make  other chemicals, such as: NylonPolystyrenePesticidesPharmaceuticalsDetergentsDyesExplosivesCarpet glue, spray adhesiveFurniture wax Because benzene is a component of crude oil, it is also present in home heating oil and gasoline. Auto exhaust is responsible for the majority of benzene in outdoor air. Diesel exhaust also contains benzene. The amount of benzene in gasoline has been reduced in recent years following regulations set for MSAT (Mobile Source Air Toxics) by the Environment Protection Agency. The amount of benzene emitted through vehicle exhaust and gas cans should be 61,000 tons less by 2030 due to MSAT restrictions. This will be due in part to newer vehicles that dont emit as many spent fuel toxins into the air. The amount of benzene in gasoline will have decreased by 38% overall as well. Benzene in Cigarette Smoke Benzene is a by-product of the combustion of tobacco in cigarettes. Exposure to cigarette smoke accounts for roughly half of all human exposure to this toxin in the United States. Benzene is extremely volatile. The primary method of exposure is through inhalation. Cigarette smoke is also responsible for most of the benzene present in indoor environments. Smokers and non-smokers alike are exposed to benzene when they breathe in secondhand smoke. How Cigarettes Contain Dangerous Radioactive Chemicals Effects on Human Health Long-term (a year or more) exposure to benzene can produce changes in the blood. It decreases red blood cells and damages bone marrow. This puts people at risk for  aplastic anemia  and excessive bleeding. Benzene is associated with an increased risk of leukemia, specifically,  acute myeloid leukemia. There is concern that benzene may also contribute to acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkins lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Benzene exposure can weaken the immune system because it also damages white blood cells. This puts people at risk for more infections. Other Effects of Exposure Although its rare to encounter a high dose of benzene all at once, this kind of exposure through inhalation or ingestion damages the central nervous system and can lead to some dramatic symptoms: ParalysisComaConvulsionsDizzinessSleepinessRapid heart rateTightness in the chestTremorsRapid breathing If You Think You've Been Exposed... If you are in an enclosed space, get outside to fresh air immediately.If the benzene was released outside, move as far away from the area as possible.Remove all of your clothing and quickly wash your body with soap and water as soon as you are able to.If you swallowed benzene, do not try to induce vomiting or drink fluids. Vomit could be sucked into the lungs and damage lung tissue.Call 911 or seek medical care immediately. Benzene is just one of the hundreds of ?poisonous and carcinogenic chemical compounds found in air tainted with cigarette smoke. Breathing in ETS threatens life for smokers and nonsmokers alike. What Are the Ingredients Found in Cigarettes?

Parent Management Training A Behavioral Treatment For...

Parent Management Training (PMT) is an evidence-based intervention instilled to parents of children and adolescents with aggressive, antisocial and defiant behaviors. Parents are taught social learning techniques with the purpose of changing the behavior of their children. Parents learn effective parent-child relationship management strategies and parenting skills through exercises and role play with the therapist. These methods include observing and recording behavior, positive reinforcement, token reinforcement, time out reinforcement, attending, ignoring, reprimanding, shaping, and compromising. As treatment sessions progress, these concepts are introduced and instructed to be implemented at home. The timing of this reinforcement and its modulations to shape parent behavior are trained rather explicitly among therapists (Kazdin, 2005). Several behavioral training programs exist today, and techniques from a number of them are depicted in the Parent Management Training manual paradi gm discussed throughout this synopsis. The compendium of literature presented in this overview suggest the effectiveness of PMT as a behavioral treatment for children and adolescents. Keywords: Parent Management Training, parent-child relationship, positive reinforcement, token reinforcement, time out reinforcement, reprimanding, shaping, Parent Management Training: Treatment for Oppositional, Aggressive, and Antisocial Behavior in Children and Adolescents Classified in the DSM-5 underShow MoreRelatedOppositional Defiant Disorder And Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Essay1725 Words   |  7 Pagesand various behavioral disorders. Although the effects of these disorders are by no means negligible, this paper is intended to focus on Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; their causes, diagnostic criterion, treatment, and prevalence. These three disorders are considered separate diagnoses; however, if left un-managed Oppositional Defiant Disorder can progress into Conduct Disorder, which is more severe. Both Oppositional Defiant and ConductRead MoreAdolescent Delinquency And Conduct Disorder1677 Words   |  7 Pagesforceful action or procedure especially when intended to dominate or master. (Merriam Webster Dictionary) Aggressive behavior can be either impulsive reacting to a trigger or proactive which can be premeditated. Aggressive behaviors can vary from problems with e motional regulation to severe and manipulative behaviors. There are various characteristics of aggression, which can include behaviors such as starting rumors; excluding others; arguing; bullying, both verbally (name-calling) and physicallyRead MoreEssay about Is My Child a Psychopath4804 Words   |  20 Pagesother defiant problems in children to psychopathy in adults. The current review examines psychopathic characteristics that can be identified in children, disorders that are related to psychopathy, and neurobiological factors have also been considered to have a relationship with this disorder. Findings suggest that psychopathy in children can be identified in children as young as 3. The empirical research provided in the review reveal a considerable amount of information suggesting that children withRead MoreAtypical Child and Adolescent Development3169 Words   |  13 PagesAtypical Child and Adolescent Development Fall 2011 - Study Guide for Midterm Chapters 6, 7, 8, 9 Chapter 6 - Conduct Disorder – Be familiar with the following concepts and disorders: †¢ Differentiate conduct disorder from oppositional defiant disorder in terms of age, symptoms, severity of symptoms, age of onset, and prognosis.- conduct disorder (childhood) will display one symptom before the age of 10, symptoms- repetitive, persistent pattern of severe aggressive and antisocial acts: inflictingRead MoreDescription Of An Example Of A Presentation8050 Words   |  33 Pagesfocusing and maintaining attention; often leads to learning and behavior problems at home, school, and work; also called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Autism (Autism Society of America Home Page) Autism is a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life. The result of neurological disorder that affects the functioning of the brain, autism and its associated behaviors have been estimated to occur in as many as 1 in 500 individuals (Centers

Personality and Achievement in the Plays Death of a...

The characters Willy and Troy, from the plays â€Å"Death of a Salesman† and Fences,† share several qualities of personality and achievements. They are both fathers nearly at the twilight of their lives, suffering the consequences of decisions they made when they were younger. These men have worked for their whole lives to make money, as opposed to doing something for which they have passion. Willy and Troy spent their lives trying to achieve stability with money, only to come up with lives that constantly strive for payday, and families that begin to emulate their behaviors. Both Troy and Willy spend their life working toward the wrong goal, and they do not see the harm in it. In â€Å"Fences,† Troy tells Rose what he thinks his life is overall,†¦show more content†¦He is beginning to see his family as a burden. In â€Å"Death of a Salesman,† Willy tells his boss of one of his heroes: â€Å"†¦he’d go up to his room, at the age of eighty-four, he made his living. And when I saw that, I realized that selling was the greatest career a man could want† [pg.81]. Willy’s idolization of a man who made money without going out of his way shows what Willy really thinks of work. His dream is to make money without working hard, and he thought being a salesman would be easy, like â€Å"old Dave,† the man he told his boss about, did his job. Also, the green velvet slippers signify the ability to make money even in very old age, which is what Willy tries hard to tell his boss. With all this monotony and desire for money, Troy and Willy’s families get sucked into the desperate cycle of the men. Troy tried very hard to impress his ideas on his children. Sometimes it was in good circumstances, and sometimes it was in bad ones. His son, Cory, recognizes this after Troy dies. He says, â€Å"†¦That shadow digging in your flesh. Trying to crawl in. Trying to live through you. Everywhere I looked, Troy Maxson was staring back at me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  [pg. 97]. Cory is saying that after growing up, he realizes Troy tried to control his life throughout his youth. Cory also describes Troy as a shadow, because to him, his father was frightening as an idea. Troy was the one who would have the final say in everything that involved Cory’s life. This principle of determinismShow MoreRelatedEudora Welty a Worn Path12166 Words   |  49 PagesAdministration (WPA) photographer, a job that took her on assignments throughout Mississippi. The experience of traveling throughout the South in order to observe people gave her the impetus to begin writing stories. Her first published story, Death of a Traveling Salesman, was accepted in the journal Manuscript, and within two years her work was being accepted in many publications, including the Atlantic and the Southern Review. Welty has never married, and despite stints in Wisconsin in college and NewRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12173 Words   |  49 PagesAdministration (WPA) photographer, a job that took her on assignments throughout Mississippi. The experience of traveling throughout the South in order to observe people gave her the impetus to begin writing stories. Her first published story, Death of a Traveling Salesman, was accepted in the journal Manuscript, and within two years her work was being accepted in many publications, including the Atlantic and the Southern Review. Welty has never married, and despite stints in Wisconsin in college and NewRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesCore Self-Evaluation Scale 103 Scoring Key 103 Comparison Data 103 2 MANAGING PERSONAL STRESS 105 SKILL ASSESSMENT 106 Diagnostic Surveys for Managing Stress 106 Stress Management Assessment 106 Time Management Assessment 107 Type A Personality Inventory 108 Social Readjustment Rating Scale 109 Sources of Personal Stress 111 SKILL LEARNING 112 Improving the Management of Stress and Time 112 The Role of Management 113 Major Elements of Stress 113 Reactions to Stress 114 Coping with StressRead MoreCrossing the Chasm76808 Words   |  308 Pageskitchens, lies a technology called application-specific integrated circuits, or ASICs. These are tiny microprocessors that are producible in high volume up to the last layer, which is then designed by the customers to add the final veneer of personality needed for their specific product. ASICs embody many of the fundamental elements of modern marketing—radical customizability overlaid onto a constant and reliable foundation, dramatically shortened times to market, relatively small productionRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesdecision, too. He wants to stay, but not by himself. Still, he isnt convinced by Juanitas reasons. Look, he says, if the stream were poisonous, everything in it would look dead. There are water spiders and plants living in the stream. Its no death trap. At this point you are faced with one of lifes little decisions: What do you do about the water situation? Go or stay? Someone else might make this decision by flipping a coin. A logical reasoner is more rational. 4 A first step inRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesimplement it for fear it will affect the performance of the Automotive Components Division. QUESTIONS 1. What are some of the major problems facing the management of Hyten in accepting formalized project management? (Include attitude problems/personality problems.) 2. Do any of the managers appear to have valid arguments for their beliefs as to why formal project management should not be considered? 34 HYTEN CORPORATION 3. Are there any good reasons why Hyten should go to formal project

Women In Business Essay Free Essays

Unassuming nature (humility) M – Motivator I- Interpersonal skills S – Sense of purpose E – Empathic N – Notable – Innovative N – Novice S – Self-confidence Spokesman N – Never giving up E- Efficacious In the business world there are a lot of obstacles women have to face to climb the career ladder. Helen Keller once said, â€Å"Never bend your head. Always hold it high. We will write a custom essay sample on Women In Business Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Look the world right in the eye. † Women should take this message and run with it. It’s not the people around us but ourselves which holds us back from what we want to accomplish. Self-confidence is the master key that unlocks the door in succeeding in today’s business world. Confidence in one’s self assists in elevating our position. Once a woman is confident, she has pride in her work and a little hard work comes easy. Singer Marsha Evans once remarked, â€Å"You can have unbelievable intelligence, you can have connections, you can have opportunities fall out of the sky. But in the end hard work is the true, enduring characteristic of successful people. † Women, today we need not to be afraid of hard work. Working long hours and sacrificing our spare time is what it takes to build a business. Sometimes aging on an extra task can be beneficial to building the career we actually seek. We are classified as the ‘weaker vessels’, but if we endure the hard work, it only makes us stronger and climbing the career ladder would be easy. As aforementioned in the acronym, the attribute listed for ‘B’ in the word BUSINESS was bravery. Being a woman in a corporate world you would be timid by the male gender. You have to constantly push yourself out of your comfort zone to move forward. This means you have to take risks and accept when things go dismay. No matter the challenge or situation be brave. You will survive and turn things around. I am a young woman striving to succeed. Ambition is embedded. I don’t settle for second best. â€Å"Reach for the stars†, but in reality I want to have it in the palm of my hands. My vision, dreams and aspirations will be a reality. The words of Anita Rowdier, â€Å"To succeed you have to believe in something with such a passion that it becomes a reality’, and know I have passion within. For no matter what it is once I’m involved I will be passionate and committed. I stumbled upon a poem and the words of it really depicts who am and the attributes posses. Heart of a Woman in Business by Sherry Rough is an inspirational poem for women for all walks of life. A woman in business is like no other Multi-brilliant at work, and often too, a mother. Guided by vision to make a difference in this world, Reporting for service, with her hair even curled. Ready to go, whenever the need She knows in her heart, there’s a calling to feed. To do right, to speak up, determined to succeed A role model that plants the possibility seed. Knows who she is, right down to the core Her essence, her passion-?shine all the more! She’s in charge with a handle on it all. At the office, at home, or at the mall. Even in the depth of all she may know Realizes there’s still plenty room to grow. So energetic, creative and fun . Early rise, there’s much to be done! She still finds time to laugh and to play Sacred time too, to kneel and to pray It comes from inside, driven by vision, Get on board-?she’s on a great mission! Her daily prayer resides in God’s grace Serving others from her heart sets the pace Making use of her talent, wisdom and skill From strengths and trust in Divine will. Gentle, compassionate, loving and strong In this sisterhood Of success you want to belong Anything she puts her heart to she can do SSH?s not alone assist-?as you can too! The road to get here has been quite a ride â€Å"Call me ‘Woman’-? it’s my source of pride! † Come along, she’s blazing’ new trail A woman in business-?whom we all hail Studying at a prestigious institution as Hull International Business School will broaden my horizon and the outlook for my life. It will allow me to build on the skills and traits that I already own and develop new ones that will take me on the road to success full speed. Women rarely hold highly influential leadership positions. I believe that women are just as capable of being successful leaders as men with the same abilities. If more women are allowed and encouraged to become leaders, it would create a wavelet effect throughout society. There is an imbalance in the business world between men and women leaders. It is very critical that women hold leadership position. Within the work environment there will be new perspectives and outlook on different situations. We have accepted the mental abilities that men and women are equal. Marie C. Wilson in Closing the Leadership Gap: Add Women Change Everything said, â€Å"When look at issues face, and when I think of the need, I am as convinced as I have ever been that our future depends on the leadership of women – not to replace men but to transform our options alongside them. † These words that came forth is truly a divine statement. Women holding leadership positions isn’t undermining men in influential positions but wanting to work hand in hand with them. You receive views from each person and ideas can be formulated and bought forth. It shouldn’t be about male vs.. Male but about how we can all benefit. Right now too much power is placed within the grasp of men and the masculine perspective. A survey from Right Management Consultants shows that the skill that companies most often seek in managers is the ability to motivate and engage others. These characteristics are displayed more from women. Ultimately, if women are in leadership positions with their male counterpart, the feminine qualities such as intuitive, compassionate and emotional nature will bloom. â€Å"The gateway to our intuitive wisdom and our connection to the rater landscape of humanity is emotions,† quote Tabby Fiddle. How to cite Women In Business Essay, Essays

International financial management

Concepts of Exposure Currency Exposure Risk The exposures caused by the unanticipated fluctuations in foreign currency rates and consequently, changes in the value of booked flow of finances are referred to as currency exposure risk. To overcome the currency exposure risks, businesses may use hedging technique or achieving efficiency in operational capacity of their businesses. These types of exposures are also referred to as cash flow exposures (Siddaiah, 2010; Eiteman, Stonehil, Moffett, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International financial management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Translation Exposure Risk Financial transactions of an organisation which are recorded in foreign currencies and are then converted into the local currency of an international business for presentation in the financial statements are subject to translation exposures. Worldwide, following techniques are used by multination als for managing currency translation: Temporal method Current/noncurrent method Monetary/nonmonetary method Current rate method (Siddaiah, 2010; Eiteman, Stonehil, Moffett, 2010). Economic Exposure Risk The changes arising in multinationals’ future cash flows due to the changes in foreign exchange rates are referred to as economic exposure risk. Economic exposure can further be classified as operating exposure and transaction exposure (Siddaiah, 2010; Eiteman, Stonehil, Moffett, 2010). 2. If the exchange rate of EUR/USD was 1.2868 in 30 days then a loss of $10,000 i.e. the difference of $138,680 – $28,680 would be recorded in the profit and loss account as an exchange loss for the period related to business dealing with the European customer (Madura, 2012). As DGP INC is a retail business operating in Europe and the Euro has shown appreciation against the US Dollar in the foreign currency market, it would directly effect DGP INC operations as it would be importing goods at a cheaper price. On the other hand, DGP receivables would be off lesser value as compared to their previous values. Such transactions effect entities’ economic activities (Apte., 2010). Translation exposure exists in transactions as now the receivable equal to Euro 1 is worth $1.28, whereas, before it was worth $1.38 to 1 Euro. 3. If the exchange rate was EUR/USD 1.4868 in 30 days, a gain of $10,000 would be recorded in the profit and loss as an exchange gain, i.e. the difference $138,680 – $148,680. But here, the effects would be opposite as the scenario changed here as the Euro is depreciating against the Dollar. Now, DGP INC would be importing expensive goods and the receivable would be off greater value as it can be noted that the company would record a gain after translation, which would affect entities’ cash flowing activities (Das, 2013).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Translation exposure exists in the transaction as now the receivable equal to Euro 1 is worth $1.48, whereas before it was worth $1.38 to 1 Euro, but now the company would purchase less as now the Euro is worth less compared to US Dollar. 4. Company should use short hedge technique in order to reduce such risk by locking the amount of sale price with the buyer so that if there are any increase or decrease in exchange rates, it would not affect the sale price of the entity. To simplify, this hedging techniques allow a business to base its position according to the environment in the market on short term basis (Giddy, 2013). For example, to hedge funds of DGP INC during unfavourable market conditions, it may opt to go for locking transactions with clients in the international markets. Let us suppose, if DGP engages in business with ABC business across continent, than it would go for locking the amount of sale price with ABC. It is important to notice here that DGP should be efficient enough to gauge the market environment and anticipate a translation value that suits both parties and does not hurt their interest. Now, even if there are any unexpected changes in the exchange rate, the deal between DGP and ABC will stand as it is and the change in the exchange rate wouldn’t affect the sale price of the entity. To provide another example of avoiding exposure risks is the money market hedging technique for DGP future foreign exchange deals. Taking ABC INC as a client, DGP INC would sell its products to its client by borrowing the same value of sale receipts from a bank in ABC INC’s local currency and then pay out ABC INC’s local currency denominated amount for the purchased products. The cost involved in this transaction is the interest rate on ABC INC’s local currency loan, which is somehow less costly than the other hedging techniques. Reference List Apte. (2010). International Financial Management. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. Das, D. (2013). International Finance: Contemporary Issues. London: Routledge.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International financial management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Eiteman, D., Stonehil, A., Moffett, M. (2010). Multinational Business Finance 12th Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Giddy, I. H. (2013, June 25). Corporate Hedging: Tools and Techniques. Retrieved from: http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~igiddy/articles/hedging_techniques.html Madura, J. (2012). International Financial Management, Abridged Edition. NY: Cengage. Siddaiah, T. (2010). International Financial Management. New Delhi: Pearson Education India. This essay on International financial management was written and submitted by user Jonah A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. International Financial Management Introduction In contemporary business environment multinationals are establishing their manufacturing plants in countries with cheap factors of production and whose international and local markets are booming; India and China are among the most favored countries by multinationals. Current campaigns to conservation the environment have grown renewable energy industry in different parts of the world.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on International Financial Management – Rainbow Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rainbow Power Company is an Australian multinational that manufactures and sells renewable energy products; the company wishes to establish whether it should follow other multinational strategy of establishing production lines in either China or India (Charles, 2011). This paper discusses the opportunities and threats that Rainbow Company could face after establishing production line in either I ndia or China; at the end of the report, the report will give recommendations to the company on the best country of the two to establish a production line. The nature of the renewable/sustainable energy technology market India and china have the potential of using renewable energy sources as they have solar, wind, water, and geothermal energy potentials. India and China have sunshine throughout the year a factor that favor a production of solar panels; India has the capacity of producing 250KWH per month with only Rs. 5 Lacs. China has over 400 photovoltaic (PV) which in 2007 was able to produce 1700 MWs of solar panels where 99% of them were exported. The main manufacturers of solar panels that the Rainbow would have to compete with include GCL-Poly Energy Holdings Limited, Yunnan Semi-conductor Parts Plant, and Guofei Green Energy Source. India is considered as the â€Å"wind Superpower:, the country has a potential of developing 45000MW from its 13 main states. Such a potential is the opportunity that Rainbow Company should utilize on and come up with gadgets to tap the potential. India has potential of producing hydro-energy with only 20% of the country’s potential having been utilized; this shows that if Rainbow was to venture in the market, there are some blue oceans that it can take advantage (Gevorg, 2011). China on the other hand has wind potential that in 2010 wind energy accounted for 41.8 gig watts (GW) of the national electricity production; the government has plans to have the production and use of wind energy increased to 100 gig watts (GWs) by 2015. With the prospects that the government has, Rainbow Company has the opportunity of selling its products to the fast growing demand of the renewable energy products. The chart below shows the tread of use of wind energy in china: Chart 1 Wind power in the PRC 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Capacity (MW) 1,260 2,599 5,912 12,170 25,100 41,800 Production (GW ·h) 1,927 3,675 5,425 12, 425 25,000 India produces high fiber wastes from sugarcane, food grains, vegetables and fruits among other agricultural products; the wastes can be fermented to produce biogas that can be used as another source of energy. The main companies that Rainbow will have to compete with in India include Suzlon Energy, Moser Baer, Tata Power / Tata BP Solar, and Orient Green Power (Ranjini, 2007).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Chart 2 Ten of the largest hydroelectric producers as at 2009 Country Annual hydroelectric production (TWh) Installed capacity (GW) Capacity factor % of total capacity China 652.05 196.79 0.37 22.25 Canada 369.5 88.974 0.59 61.12 Brazil 363.8 69.080 0.56 85.56 United States 250.6 79.511 0.42 5.74 Russia 167.0 45.000 0.42 17.64 Norway 140.5 27.528 0.49 98.25 India 115.6 33.600 0.43 15.80 Venezuela 85.96 14.622 0.67 69.20 Japan 69.2 27.229 0.37 7.21 Sweden 65.5 16.209 0.46 44.34 Currently China produces 197 GW of hydropower generating capacity; this only caters for the country’s power usage of 23%; with such a statistic, the country has potential of using more of the energy thus if rainbow was to establish its business in the country there are high chances that it will benefit from the increased demand of electricity (Gevorg, 2011). The country situation and risks in India and China According to Ease of Doing Business Index is an index created by the World Bank in 2011, for 183 countries India was ranked 134, 133, and 132 in the years 2008, 2009, and 2010 while China was ranked 79, 89, and 86 for the years 2008, 2009, and 2010; the index considered different parameters that are likely to affect business and new establishments. China and India have highly modern developed infrastructures; these are both of transport and those of communication. The systems are advanced so well that asses to the countr ies from any corner of the world is highly enhanced, the airports, the sea port, and internal transport are well managed and assessable. The communication network within and without is of high-tech. This is an asset to the business since it reduces the cost of doing business, on the other hand the international market are enhanced at all lengths. The sectors have seen the private and public participation, this boosts the efficiency of the systems and thus one can trade with approximate assumptions. There is what the government refers to as private public partnership that is aimed at maintaining the infrastructures. Chinese and Indian governments are offering incentives to those companies that are making products to increase the use of renewable energy. Indian policy on encouraging the use of renewable policy has been for long been influenced positively by world trade organization requirement. There are direct incentives that Rainbow is likely to get from the two countries government s. Some of the incentives are direct for example taxes and those to facilitate trade. The taxes that have been reduced include, corporation taxes, value added taxes as well as customs. An example to portray the above incentive is the Corporation tax of 15% that is subsidized from the general rate of 30% when an investment is done in the Special Economic Zones at the southern part of the country. For instance getting a visa and business permit to China is one of the simplest ways. No restrictions and thus trade is highly advantaged. This will be of great assistance in tapping world carpet business (Barney, 2007). Indian and Chinese financial sectors are well developed with the privatized and government participation in the sector. The banks are stable enough to sustain the growing economy. On the other hand, although this may not have a direct impact on our business there is the emergence of micro finance institutions in the country, the institutions are giving a lot of support to th e small scale trader evident in the country.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on International Financial Management – Rainbow Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thinking of the economy from that angle, it means that the manufacturing businesses will eventually benefit. Insurance companies are also a backbone of investment sector of an economy. The insurance companies are stable enough and can handle big losses without going under. At the same time, there are reinvestment insurance companies that help in maintaining stability even further. The banking sector has enabled firms to get loans at favorable rates. The insurance and the banking sectors will thus have a direct and indirect effect. From a direct point it means we stand to benefit the efficiency of this institutions and from an indirect point is that as the other sectors get empowered the benefit trickle down to my business. China was among the f ew world countries who were able to record an increased economic growth; the exchange rates in the countries remained relatively stable than the case was for India. The type of FDI to further minimize risks The demand for reliable energy source in China has made the country’s government to develop some incentives to FDI to minimize their risk in doing business in the country. Some of the policies that the government has enacted include investment deductions, zero rating of photocell products and offering taxation holidays to foreign companies in the economy. The government of India on the other hand is sensitive on its needs to energy and seems to engage in transactions that involve the development of renewable energy sources; the government has joint ventures with renewable energy producers in the efforts of reducing risks associated with the business and encourage them produce further. In the Indian budget, the government allocates some funds for the use by renewable solar energy products manufacturers in the efforts of supporting their moves and availing funds at an affordable competitive rate (Zachary and Katrin, 2008). Recommendation Considering the opportunities, threats, risks, and strengths of doing business in either China or India, it is highly recommended that Rainbow should establish an operating firm in China. Today in the world there has a large focus on trading with China. China is slowly portraying itself as the world economic driver; this means that each and every country, individuals and the companies are considering China as the trade partner, a thing that has boost in the economy of the country; companies in the economy not only depend with the local market for their business but has high access to international customers. The fact that each country is willing to trade with it has set the country in the pace, now heading to be a political neutral country. As nations get more confident in the country, the more they will be willing to trade with China and thus the market stands to gain. This stands to have a positive effect on the business since we will not be depending on local market alone but the entire world (Easson, 2004)Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More China has come up as a bargaining market where traders interact as an open market. As the world come to fetch for varieties, we will be one of those variety providers. An example is the African countries that have diverted there trading to China and killing the predominant markets of the west. This has been as a partnership kind of trading where you will find contractors in Africa from china. The way the contracts are made is in such a way that there is a long relationship created. The growth rate of the economy of China has always, for the last three decades, remained on a positive note. There have even been some rates recorded as high as 12%. This is an element to show the strength of the economy as well as it gives us the hope of continuity in the market. This growth has enabled China to be seen as the emerging world economy. The rate of growth is another indicator of a stable political environment that encourages local and international investors to invest. With such a rate of e conomic growth it leads to the easy options of diversity of the business. When an economy is growing one major demand that will be there is demand for energy; this Rainbow will have ready market for its products. When comparing the ease of doing business between China and India, China is rated far better than India thus Rainbow can establish the business in the country easier (Reuvid and Li, 2005). Conclusion When multinationals are considering the country to develop a manufacturing plant they consider the business atmosphere in the country. When comparing China and India, it is advisable for Rainbow Power Company to venture in the Chinese market as the business environment is more favorable than in India. Other than normal business environment, Chinese government has projects to promote the use of renewable energy thus companies in the industry are benefiting government incentives and support. The fast economic growth rate of China is another opportunity that Rainbow can tap from t he Chinese market; China fast industrializing thus demand for energy keeps increasing. Growth in international trade also favors China than India, with the growth in international trade, Rainbow will benefit from local and international markets. References Barney, J. B. ,2007. Gaining and sustaining competitive advantage. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall. Charles, W.L., 2011. International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace. New York: McGraw-Hill. Easson, A.J. (2004) Tax incentives for foreign direct investment. Boston, Kluwer Law International. Gevorg, S.,2011. Unleashing the Potential of Renewable Energy in India. Geneva: World Bank Publications. Ranjini, M., 2007. Doing Business in India For Dummies. New York: For Dummies. Reuvid, J. and Li, Y., 2005. Doing business with China. London: GMB Publishing Ltd. Zachary, A. and Katrina D. , 2008. Renewable and alternative energy resources: a reference handbook. New Jersey: ABC-CLIO. This report on International Financial Management – Rainbow Company was written and submitted by user Tessa Rhodes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.